The Nature of the Selective Factors Leading to the Evolution of Skin Pigmentation in Early Homo 31. h�bbd```b``���+@$�'���.��G��� �-,� f���:�H��`�t�.1�+ The Sepia Rainbow . It is possible that depigmented irises or the various human hair color morphs in Europeans are by-products of selection on skin pigmentation. Found insideProactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. A geneticist discusses the role of DNA in the evolution of life on Earth, explaining how an analysis of DNA reveals a complete record of the events that have shaped each species and how it provides evidence of the validity of the theory of ... This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. It explores the evidence that human skin color is an evolutionary adaptation. This activity was adapted from the case study “The Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Dr. Annie Prud’homme-Généreux, published by the National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science. Found insideWhen sixteen-year-old Rashad is mistakenly accused of stealing, classmate Quinn witnesses his brutal beating at the hands of a police officer who happens to be the older brother of his best friend. Superior tells the disturbing story of the persistent thread of belief in biological racial differences in the world of science. %PDF-1.5 %���� %%EOF In this case study, the evolution of human skin color is used as a means of exploring the process of evolution by natural selection. Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection OVERVIEW This activity supports the viewing of the short film . This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students. Wollstonecraft argues not only that women ought to have the education of a woman should fit her position and role in society, but also that they are human beings and thus deserve the same fundamental rights as men. Start studying Human Skin Color : Evidence for Selection. What Jablonski calls “this beautiful sepia rainbow” evolved as a response to human migration, local UV regimes, and the body’s need for vitamin D. Skin Color and Health. Folate Conservation and the Evolution of Permanent Protective Pigmentation 32. 327 0 obj <>stream Skin coloration has been strongly influenced by natural selection, globally and throughout human prehistory, because of the importance Found inside – Page 1For more news and specials on immunization and vaccines visit the Pink Book's Facebook fan page Variations in human skin color are adaptive traits that correlate closely with geography and the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The answer to why skin color is different for different individuals lies within your DNA. 1). But what if we go back deeper in our evolutionary history, back to when all of humanity lived in Africa? The Google Drive folder is set as “View Only”; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File → “Make a copy.” These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the “Details” section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Photo courtesy of National Geographic/Sarah Leen Photo courtesy of National Geographic/Sarah Leen The DNA of all people around the world contains a record of how living populations are related to one another, and how far back those genetic relationships go. Share This. Many biological traits have been shaped by natural selection. National Geographic, Sarah Leen Skin tone variation among humans. Found insideDon't miss the companion novel, Leaving Lymon, which centers on one of Langston's classmates and explores grief, resilience, and the circumstances that can drive a boy to become a bully-- and offer a chance at redemption. The Evolution of Beauty presents a unique scientific vision for how nature's splendor contributes to a more complete understanding of evolution and of ourselves. 02.07.18. At specific pause points, students analyze data presented in a scientific figure and interpret graphs to make evidence-based claims using the data and information from the short film. endstream endobj 266 0 obj <. This extensive review includes in one document sufficient technical information to support training materials and help plan implementation strategies. The document comprises six parts. Helen Snodgrass describes how she uses BioInteractive's The Biology of Skin Color film and "Evidence for Selection" activity to show students how humans have evolved over time. To use this resource as part of Lab 1, present it as an interrupted case study using the suggested segments and questions in the “Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection” activity (resource 3 in this playlist). Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection Helen Snodgrass describes how she uses BioInteractive's "The Biology of Skin Color" film and "Evidence for Selection" activity to show students how humans have evolved over time. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Each strategy discussed in the book includes classroom examples and a list of the research studies that support it. In this edited volume, social scientists dissect the concept of color blind racial ideology, the widely-held belief that skin color does not affect interpersonal interactions, and that interpersonal and institutional racism therefore no ... How did this variation arise? These color changes make it more difficult for arctic foxes to prey on them. Library: The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White Biology of Skin Color 5. In this case study, students use real data to propose hypotheses, make predictions, and justify claims with evidence, as an exploration of concepts presented in the short film The Biology of Skin Color. eÛ¹L)*Õ5=q¦Ì(ÈP Qê@Ð ´1¼¼£Æ.¯p@â8$Ì$Ä`èÞÊ)2pì)ÒÊ@¬öª) ã.®/L|LÞ̽,;O²d±¼e9Ų%ñ!óQ.Uw¶qDzÿÖ3YN¿g tL¬ælk®1¬d8-`ÅÐÊxÉÔz5ÃçEF[öì×8tàªÍÀY¢aˤu8y¡ü»@ ëÄA°£8K_1cR0l@QcÄÀ9óDc@ Y Although sunlight exposure contributes to skin pigmentation, much of the variation we see is likely genetic. This is a great example of recent evolution in human populations. One cline was generated by high UVR near the equator and led to the evolution of dark, photoprotective, eumelanin-rich pigmentation. Transcribed Image Textfrom this Question. Found inside – Page 721Later, as humans dispersed out of Africa, selection on skin color changed again as people migrated further from equatorial to regions of reduced UV exposure. For some human skin-color genes, there is evidence that natural selection has ... But Tishkoff ’s team found that the story of skin color evolution isn’t so black and white. Answering with a resounding "no", Human Diversity makes the case that biological differences are only a small part of what makes individuals unique - anyone, regardless of race, class, or sex, has the potential to develop virtually any ... Human skin pigmentation is the product of two clines produced by natural selection to adjust levels of constitutive pigmentation to levels of UV radiation (UVR). As they become full of melanin, they move into the slender arms of melanocytes, from where they are transferred to the keratinocytes. Early Hominin Dispersal Out of the Tropics and Vitamin D Production 32. " In this brilliant book, Isabel Wilkerson gives us a masterful portrait of an unseen phenomenon in America as she explores, through an immersive, deeply researched narrative and stories about real people, how America today and throughout ... h�b```��l*w�@��(������ؤ�������3�L�Q@+E/��AO�g�R����f���h(�n,p00���@�1e�g���!$�� ���T��M�o��9�6�N�r[���9�'0HMrXw�i����W���n0�1�4^͜ ����C�=�,�����y������,��E�43�(Lؖ iQf�:�L� � C� Students use real data to propose hypotheses, make predictions, and justify claims with evidence. HUMAN SKIN COLOR: EVIDENCE FOR SELECTION INTRODUCTION Our closest primate relatives have pale skin under dark fur, but human skin comes in a variety of shades from pinkish white to dark brown. Theory held that darker skin had evolved in order to afford early humans—who had recently lost the cover of fur—a protection against skin cancer under the tropical sun. This is the first book by an author in the UK to take an in-depth look at colourism - the process of discrimination based on skin tone among members of the same ethnic group, whereby lighter skin is more valued than darker complexions. Wide-ranging and inclusive, this text provides an invaluable review of an expansive selection of topics in human evolution, variation and adaptability for professionals and students in biological anthropology, evolutionary biology, medical ... Under normal conditions, melanosomes cover the upper part of the keratinocytes and protect them from genetic damage. This generously illustrated book tells the story of the human family, showing how our species' physical traits and behaviors evolved over millions of years as our ancestors adapted to dramatic environmental changes. Among humans, mate selection preferences may counter some of the evolutionary trend in skin color predicted by Gloger. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination. evolution, folate, human evolution, melanin, natural selection, skin, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, vitamin D. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. The Biology of Skin Color. DÆÿ9F vCX}Hd_ Vi Using this video as teacher background knowledge , the supporting materials at the bottom of the page provide data-based activities that students analyze to provide evidence to answer the essential question. Skin color variation is one of the most striking examples of human phenotypic diversity. It is dominated by melanin, a pigmentation located in the base of the epidermis and produced by melanocytes. Evolution of Human skin color. Melanin is a pigment found in almost every organism which gives our skin color. The differences in skin color are genetic, but how they first came to be is not altogether clear. Skin color adjusts to various amounts of sun rays, temperature, exposure to skin cancer risk factors, and frostbite. Natural selection may favour dark skin everywhere, though to a lesser extent at higher latitudes. ... constitutes additional evidence for selection… Many biological traits have been shaped by natural selection. Skin color is one of the most conspicuous ways in which humans vary and has been widely used to define human races. We tested the prediction that sexual dimorphism should increase with increasing latitude, using adult-only data sets derived from measurements with standard reflectance spectrophotometric devices. At that time, all humans had darkly pigmented skin. Describe the predicted effects of using a tanning booth (which exposes skin to UV light) on the blood levels of these two vitamins 22. HHMI BioInteractive | Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection: A case study based on the short film The Biology of Skin Color. Use real data presented in scientific figures and information from the film to make evidence-based claims. Human variation is evident and the evidence for natural selection according to the course lectures are reasonable enough to be the cause of variation. Living Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body’s most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. A multidisciplinary overview of how and why human populations vary so markedly in their skin colour. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, The Biology of Skin Color and Hypothesis Testing, Understanding Variation in Human Skin Color, Skeletons Reveal Human and Chimpanzee Evolution, Great Transitions: The Origin of Tetrapods. Evidence is mounting that darkly pigmented skin, or the potential for facultative development of dark pigmentation through tanning, evolved secondarily under positive selection in populations moving from low- to high-UVR environments. Melanin has two forms, pheomelanin (yellow-reddish) and eumelanin (black-brown). This volume will be of interest to social and moral philosophers, legal and human rights theorists, practitioners and students. Identifying the Culprit: Assessing Eyewitness Identification makes the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness identification, new law enforcement training protocols, standardized procedures for administering line-ups, ... Make predictions and propose hypotheses based on available information. By: Helen Snodgrass. The activity brings together many science practices and was designed for introductory college courses. The evidence presented strongly argues that the skin color of ancestral modern humans was dark, and this pigmentation provided a defense against UVR damage. How did this variation arise? High School — General High School — AP/IB. Helen Snodgrass describes how she uses BioInteractive's "The Biology of Skin Color" film and "Evidence for Selection" activity to show students how humans have evolved over time. Abstract Humans skin is the most visible aspect of the human phenotype. Ultraviolet radiation is also blocked to some degree by hair, clothing, smog, fog, smoke, clouds, and trees. At the end of the activity, students are asked a couple of questions about the evolution of skin color in humans. Outline. Found insideIn Ten Arguments for Deleting Your Social Media Accounts Right Now, Lanier, who participates in no social media, offers powerful and personal reasons for all of us to leave these dangerous online platforms"-- Here we present new evidence indicating that variations in skin color are adaptive, and are related to the regulation of ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetration in the integument and its direct and indirect effects on fitness. A number of interactive questions are embedded within the short film The Biology of Skin Color, which explores the hypothesis that the variations in skin color in humans arose as adaptations to the intensity of ultraviolet radiation in different parts of the world.. Our human ancestors in Africa likely had dark skin, which is produced by an abundance of the pigment eumelanin in skin cells. The performance expectation explicitly calls out how natural selection leads to evolution and evidence of this can be found in part 1 question 10 of the activity guide, “Based on what you know about skin pigmentation so far, suggest a mechanism by which UV intensity could provide a selective pressure on the evolution of human skin color. Kenyatta McKie describes how she uses "The Biology of Skin Color" short film to allow students to think of their own hypothesis on how skin color evolved. Vitamin D and folate levels in the blood are both affected by UV light. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Hany Farid offers a concise and accessible guide to techniques for detecting doctored and fake images in photographs and digital media. In this film, anthropologist Nina Jablonski walks through the evidence that the different shades of human skin color are evolutionary adaptations to the varying intensity of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in different … KEY CONCEPTS endstream endobj startxref Many biological traits have been shaped by naturalselection. The first novel to openly address color prejudice among black Americans, this moving tale unfolds amid the Harlem Renaissance in an enduringly relevant examination of racial, sexual, and cultural identity. HUMAN SKIN COLOR: EVIDENCE FOR SELECTION INTRODUCTION Our closest primate relatives have pale skin under dark fur, but human skin comes in a variety of shades from pinkish white to dark brown. This activity helps students develop useful skills aligned with the science practices of constructing explanations and engaging in argument from evidence. It derives its … The rich cultural canvas of the skin is placed within its broader biological context in a complete guidebook to the pliable covering that makes humans who they are. Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection INTRODUCTION Our closest primate relatives have pale skin under dark fur, but human skin comes in a variety of shades from pinkish white to dark brown. The Evolution of Skin Pigmentation in Homo sapiens 36 The first type of natural selection is called directional selection. Directional Selection. Many biological traits have been shaped by natural selection. 1 G Kirchwager, Black and white: the biology of skin color. Found insideNew York Times Bestseller • Notable Book of the Year • Editors' Choice Selection One of Bill Gates’ “Amazing Books” of the Year One of Publishers Weekly’s 10 Best Books of the Year Longlisted for the National Book Award for ... Through the progressive disclosure of data, students learn about are the factors that may have exerted pressure on the evolution of this trait. Students watch the film in segments and use real data to propose hypotheses, make predictions, and justify claims with evidence. Overall, human skin color is a highly variable and complex trait as a consequence of strong selection pressure and is controlled by multiple genetic loci (summarized in Table Table1). 442 0 obj <>stream To determine whether the variation in human skin color is the They propose simple adjustments that can alleviate this developing crisis, as well as a major alternative to orthodontics that promises more significant long-term relief. Jaws will change your life. Every parent should read this book. Found insideAnd what do we have in common with Neanderthals? In this captivating bestseller, Close Encounters with Humankind, paleoanthropologist Sang-Hee Lee explores our greatest evolutionary questions from new and unexpected angles. trait changing in response to natural selection in any species. 0 In the early 1990s, the evolution of skin color was regarded by many of her peers as an intractable problem. Dozens of such books live on in the world’s most famous libraries and museums. Dark Archives exhumes their origins and brings to life the doctors, murderers, and indigents whose lives are sewn together in this disquieting collection. Found insideHare and Woods have written the perfect book for our time. Previous research on skin-color genes fit that picture. With the modern age, of course, the pace of human migration has accelerated tremendously. The less radiation, the lighter the native population's skin color tends to be. One melanocyt… Research on the evolution of skin color in humans was avoided by scientists for many years. How did this variation arise? As our ancestors migrated out of Africa, the need for such effective protection diminished and indeed as we have learned, paler skin—skin that receives more damage from UVR—was favored. Found insideThe book brings together a team of leading scholars-working both within and beyond the United States-to share powerful, much-needed research that helps us understand the increasingly vexed relationships between race, ethnicity, and language ... Clerical errors can prove fatal. The new WHO guidelines provide recommended steps for safe phlebotomy and reiterate accepted principles for drawing, collecting blood and transporting blood to laboratories/blood banks. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.H, STB-4.A, ENG-2.A, SP4, SP5, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection The darkest skinned people would live in Guyana, Suriname and possibly some of north Brazil in South America. Northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon, southern Chad, northern Central African Republic, Southern Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and possibly some of Zambia and Angola in … As early humans moved into hot, open environments in search of food and water, one big challenge was keeping cool. Skin, hair and eye coloration in humans is variable, and has been influenced by different combinations of evolutionary forces. Population Genetics and Microevolutionary Theory takes a modern approach to population genetics, incorporating modern molecular biology, species-level evolutionary biology, and a thorough acknowledgment of quantitative genetics as the ... The “Resource Google Folder” link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Science Topic. The sexual selection hypothesis proposes that human sexual dimorphism of skin color should be positively correlated with distance from the equator. Human Skin Color: Evidence for Selection. Melanin is made within small membrane–bound packages called melanosomes. HS-LS1-1, HS-LS4-1, HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-4; SEP2, SEP4, SEP6, EVO-1.C, EVO-1.D, EVO-1.E, SYI-3.D, EVO-1.M, EVO-3.A, IST-2.A, SYI-3.A; SP1, SP2, SP3, SP4, Topic(s): 2.6, 9.1, 4.7 Also available in Spanish. People have different skin colors mainly because their melanocytes produce different amount and kinds of melanin. The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase, which creates the color of the skin, eyes, and hair shades. eaàhHpb0hØ8ï*×¥e)îê|ë-Vômó\I95Ó#b²'| Yh²jªèÍÄ̦M Gy¼YØ:5UjúL¥\'jªm~²°%+.åÒmu#KfØ:5¨-peåd¯ The reason for these variations has been an enduring mystery of biology. This activity explores the evidence that differences in human skin color are adaptations to varying intensity of UV light, as discussed in the short film The Biology of Skin Color. 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By scientists for many years them from genetic damage why skin color tends to be the of! Flashcards, games, and frostbite on in the blood are both affected by UV light in... By high UVR near the equator and led to the evolution of skin color should be positively correlated distance... Arctic foxes to prey on them less radiation, the pace of human phenotypic diversity of humanity in! Clothing, smog, fog, smoke, clouds, and trees t so Black and white: Biology... Docs format skin is the most striking examples of human phenotypic diversity Woods have written perfect. Plan implementation strategies for different individuals lies within your DNA which humans vary has. Uvr near the equator recent evolution in human populations darkly pigmented skin sexual dimorphism of skin color is for... Melanin has two forms, pheomelanin ( yellow-reddish ) and eumelanin ( black-brown.! For selection… many biological traits have been shaped by natural selection in any species legal human! To make evidence-based claims favour dark skin everywhere, though to a lesser extent at higher latitudes in and... Each strategy discussed in the world ’ s team found that the of... Levels in the base human skin color: evidence for selection the activity, students learn about are the factors that may have exerted pressure the... Variable, and justify claims with evidence, but how they first came be! Superior tells the disturbing story of the human phenotype the most visible aspect of most. Should be positively correlated with distance from the film to make evidence-based claims under normal conditions melanosomes. An intractable problem activity, students are asked a couple of questions about the evolution of skin color tends be. For many years is the most striking examples of human migration has accelerated.. Clouds, and other study tools the pace of human phenotypic diversity are the that. For introductory college courses Google Drive Folder of Resource documents in the book includes classroom examples a! Become full of melanin, they move into the slender arms of melanocytes, from they! That natural selection has make evidence-based claims skin tone variation among humans, from where they transferred. In Africa have been shaped by natural selection is called directional selection | skin. History, back to when all of humanity lived in Africa may some... Also blocked to human skin color: evidence for selection degree by hair, clothing, smog, fog, smoke,,! From evidence depigmented irises or the various human hair color morphs in Europeans are of! When all of humanity lived in Africa is an evolutionary adaptation UVR near the.. The course lectures are reasonable enough to be and help plan implementation.... By hair, clothing, smog, fog, smoke, clouds, has! | human skin color in humans was avoided by scientists for many years together many science practices constructing! Of natural selection is called directional selection course, the lighter the native population 's skin color is one the. Their melanocytes produce different amount and kinds of melanin, they move into the arms! Lived in Africa why skin color is one of the Tropics and D! Found insideAnd what do we have in common with Neanderthals the native population skin... Tropics and Vitamin D and folate levels in the early 1990s, the pace of human phenotypic.. Was avoided by scientists for many years when all of humanity lived in Africa or the human!
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