beer game simulation solution

Lessons Learned from the Beer Game. The Bullwhip Effect. It takes a little effort to track the supply line …. Only the retailer satisfies end customer demand. Each player's objective is to satisfy incoming orders and to balance his inventory at a level close to the target inventory. Using the Beer Game and Other Management Flight Simulators The beer game is particularly useful in classes on operations management, production scheduling and related issues. I presented an online, single-player version of the Beer Game for you to play with. A game about drinking beer and getting drunk. In this fast-paced, multi-player simulation, students experience the effects of a supply chain dynamic called the "bullwhip" effect. Found insideThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 11.11 International Conference on Trust Management, IFIPTM 2017, held in Gothenburg, Sweden, in June 2017. We will run the game for 52 weeks. It demonstrates the different dimensions that come into play and their effect on a supply chain in business operations. organization. supply chain text book. The sketch below illustrates the supply chain and the flow of information along with it. Share games effortlessly with hundreds of participants. Last Name: Organization Name: Email: Password: the order decision for these players is made by the computer according to a predefined order policy (the order policy the computer follows is essentially the one developed in this blog post). Improve collaboration and information-sharing across actors, resulting in stock reduction, fewer shortages and emergencies, and less stress on client-supplier relationships. AnyLogic Cloud is an online platform for accessing, running, and sharing business simulation models. Found inside – Page 173In this book, Senge described what has come to be known as 'the beer game,' a simulation in which all players, regardless of organizational background or ... Excercise beer game: This file contains a group excercise that can be handed out to students as homework. It lets you experience the classical coordination problems met by industrials. Perhaps the order never arrived? The description of Beer Drink Simulator App. aircraft parts or smartphones, you can customize The Beergame 896. From this we can deduce that our open orders should always be equal to: Note: Of course this is formula is only true if the delivery delay is stable and so are the items that are ordered – to improve our estimate for the target supply line we ought to replace the delivery delay by the average delivery delay and the items ordered by our expectation of how many items will be ordered. Here's how the SCM simulation works . the sum of his inventory and backorder cost over time. The player places his order and waits for the beer to arrive. If the adjustment time is too long, then eventually all suppliers will be out of stock, which increases the total supply chain cost. You can change the width and height of the embedded simulation by changing the "width" and "height" attributes in the HTML. Trainees, students and instructors can follow individual J. Bosch Pagans, F. Strozzi, J.-M. Zaldívar Comenges, Beer game order policy optimization using genetic … 5 WEDt =θ⋅WIOt−1 +(1−θ)⋅WEDt−1 (6) WEDt and WEDt-1 are the expected demand at times t and t-1, respectively, WIO is the incoming orders, and θ(0 ≤θ≤1) is a parameter that controls the rate at which expectations are updated.θ=0 corresponds to stationary expectations . Use this data to stimulate discussion about what went right ), but we order 100 units. Found inside – Page iiThis third edition has been substantially revised and extended by three new chapters and by additional appendices containing working material to cover recent developments and a change in the perception of evolutionary computation. Brewmaster will teach you the tricks of the trade, educate you on the different beer styles, and allow you to enter into light competitions. Supply Chain Optimization, Design, and Management: Advances and Intelligent Methods presents computational intelligence methods for addressing supply chain issues. Meetup: Understanding The Beer Distribution Game. The team with the lowest overall cost wins the game. Dice Game Template. Regarding "the Beer Game". Simple Beer Distribution Game Simulator. The overall cost of a team is the sum of the costs of the four entities of the SC of that team. It illustrates how to analyze and improve the ordering policies of individual players in the supply chain using causal loop diagrams and some live experiments with the game. By providing deep and clear insight into the complex networks of suppliers, carriers, and freight forwarders, simulation can supercharge your supply chain and redefine your competitiveness. For the stationary beer game (under the objective of minimizing the long-run average total cost in the supply chain), the optimal strategy for each station is to place orders so as to keep its installation stock at a constant target level, i.e., to follow an installation base-stock policy. It is important to keep an eye on this because the individual player could improve his own cost at the expense of the other players in the supply chain – we will see how this happens shortly. Our next step to improving our ordering policy is to remember how many items have already been ordered and to take this into account in our order decision – to avoid confusion, I will refer to this quantity as the supply line. In this meetup, we will analyze the dynamic structure of the beer game supply chain, build a simulation model and investigate some effective supply chain management policies. The Near Beer Game Gives You A Chance To Try Your Hand. The simulator runs on PCs (sorry no Macintosh version). Whether The number of units on backorder begins to increase. The Beer Game (SIMULATION) Weiss, Elliott N.; Raz, Gal; Goldberg, Rebecca Forio Simulation OM-1521 / Published August 11, 2016 / 1 pages. The There are three pitfalls in the beer game that players need to be aware of: Because of the nature of supply chains, the players' demands for beer may not be fulfilled immediately – their supplier may also not have enough inventory and will then have to pass is own order up the supply chain. We present real world results and use simulation of a 4‐stage supply chain model, beer‐game (Vensim simulation). There is a delay of at least one week in each direction, i.e. 2 DESIGN ROOM — In the Design Room, students choose among 4 options to add to 2 mobile phone models. It has a factory, a distribution center, a warehouse, and a retail store where customer demand arises. Wu Fang Zhong FMEC, Philadelphia, June 2000; file: beergameslides.ppt. Help all departments identify potential risks and make better-informed decisions. Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date about the latest trends and news. Found insideThis book gathers a selection of the best papers presented at the joint international conference ICIEOM-CIO-IIE 2015, offering recent research on industrial engineering, management and operations from an international and interdisciplinary ... is about using models and simulations to explore new business ideas and strategies and to manage the complexity of implementing these throughout the organization and in the market. No actual beer used in the exercise, and another consumer product, such as juice or milk, can be discussed, if appropriate. With these settings, we reach all our performance targets. The game lets you start things from scratch, manage your business and take it to the top. Found inside – Page 1054Other papers are based on the “beer game” method, most often used in ... a great deal of existing simulation approaches and solutions deals with only ... It consists of to parts - one is about analysing and reflecting the beergame experience - the other uses a teaching case from the Simchi-Levi et al. Create a team to collaborate with other instructors in your Supply chain simulation software helps you manage supply chain challenges, reducing costs, and improving customer service. Most supply chain professionals have played the beer game at some point in their careers. In the near beer game simulation, getting equilibrium is easy after a few tries and proper understanding of the mechanics. In the beergame students enact a four stage supply chain. First Name: Already registered? side-by-side. Found inside – Page 83... per week per week SOURCE own observation from beer game simulation game as done in class Vendor managed inventory (VMI): a potential solution to lack of. Once again, thank you for using BrainMass and if I can assist you further, please let me know. This is because the total cost includes penalties both for being out of stock and for being overstocked – if the adjustment time is to short, then some of the suppliers are overstocked and hence the cost increase. Then for the system to be in a stable state, we need to have 100 units delivered every week (which we then pass on directly to our customer, the consumer). The beer game is a widely used in-class game that is played in supply chain management classes to demon-strate the bullwhip e ect. How you grow your empire is your call. BPTK Simulation Beer Game System Dynamics Business Prototyping. Found inside – Page 78Discovering Strategic Solutions with Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation Michael ... the Beer Game, and one that is most germane for agent-based simulation, ... This is a powerful way to illustrate and understand how elements in a complex system interact to create ripple effects or chain-link effects. Question: The Near Beer Game Simulation A Game About Supply Chain Management The Stair Book (and A My Thoughts PowerPoint) Talk About Supply Chain Management. Four team members each take a different position on a simple linear supply chain: retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and factory. THE BEER GAME "There is no actual beer in the Beer Game," says John Sterman. Found inside – Page 102The simulation experiment has been based on the MIT Beer Game [24] and the Columbia Beer Game [25]. In this solution software agents that use genetic ... You can find a Jupyter notebook version of this blog post on our, Using System Thinking to Improve Game Results, Supply Chain Dynamics – Dealing With Changing Demands For Beer, The Feedback Loop Governing The Players Order Decision, Remembering Open Orders: Including The Supply Line, Where to go From Here: Redesigning The Entire Supply Chain, Training Artificial Intelligence to Play The Beer Game. In the beergame students enact a four stage supply chain. Development Stage. This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 19th International Workshop on Multi-Agent-Based Simulation, MABS 2019, held in Stockholm Sweden, in July 2018 as part of the Federated AI Meeting, FAIM 2018. There are three players in the game including a retailer, a wholesaler, and a marketing director at the brewery. 'Downstream' players order inventory . Very much inspired by Surgeon Simulator, indeed, but with crap graphics. Beergame Debriefing: In this powerpoint file you find some . Surely we could improve the performance of the supply chain if the consumers' demand for beer were communicated to all players in the chain directly? Round 2: The Beer Game "The beer distribution game (also known as the beer game) is an experiential learning business simulation game created by a group of professors at MIT Sloan School of Management in early 1960s to demonstrate a number of key principles of supply chain management. The beer game was developed at MIT in the 1960s. chain management and their requirements. Antonio's Italian Restaurant. I did not create t. Distributed ledger The Beer Game is well documented: you can find my favorite description of the game in Peter Senge’s worldwide bestseller “The Fifth Discipline”, John Sterman’s Business Dynamics analyses the game using system dynamics stock and flow models, a good online resource for the game is. This book provides a detailed insight into the simulation approaches employed in the study of supply chain management and control. The cost structure now also looks much better, we just manage to stay within the cost target: Our surplus is also looking good, we easily reach the surplus target: Unfortunately, our new ordering policy still leads to a huge whiplash effect – this is because each of the players in the supply chain uses the same ordering policy and tries to ensure that the target inventory level is reached and the order pipeline is filled. When we decide how many items to order, we also include the supply line in our order decision. Simulation centers around a blockchain for student grades (discussion at the end of the simulation about why this would not be a good application for blockchain). We have also used SPSS statistical analysis software to construct autoregressive forecasting models. Given our new causal loop diagram, we can also formulate a new ordering policy: Again you can test this strategy for yourself in the game above. employees, all players must overcome real supply-chain Thanks for watching. BEER GAME SIMULATION REPORT A beer game is a role play supply chain simulation game that let us experience the typical coordination problems of supply chain without sharing information and collaboration between the parties involved. The surplus also reaches the desired level – given even more time, the inventory would adjust to the desired level of 400. These chapters outline a variety of frameworks that can be explored and used in future research efforts. This volume can serve as a graduate text, as a reference for researchers and as a guide for further development of this field. optimizing an organization’s overall performance. It has been played by thousands of people all over the world from high-school students to CEOs of major corporations. The game simulates a firm that produces and distributes beer. Welcome to the advanced mode of The Beer Game! The target inventory is reached after 17 weeks. skills by participating in a fun and engaging serious game going forward. Co-written by renowned experts in global supply chain management, this book presents a systematic, structured approach to evaluating ten global regions with respect to their supply chain activities. The rules of the game are simple – in every round each player performs the following four steps: Check how many units of beer are being delivered to him from his supplier in the supply chain. Beer Strip Game; Attention! This book takes you inside the supply chain to show you what you need to know. On the other hand, the graph below shows how the total supply chain costs vary with the stock adjustment time – the interesting effect here is that a stock adjustment time of 16 weeks has a lower overall cost attached to it initially but in the long run the stock adjustment time of 8 weeks performs better. Found inside – Page 326Authentic Learning There are already simulations that can be used in the ... One solution has been the use of electronic versions of the Beer Game that has ... The game represents a supply chain with a non-coordinated process where problems arise due to lack of information sharing. Output Analysis.xlsx. Weather played in a scholar or managerial context, it is a good introduction towards supply-chain reform & innovation. Pour plus de formations et outils logistiques suivez notre page :https://www.facebook.com/best.logisti.Abonnez vous à notre blog :https://blltsite.wordpr. For the stationary beer game (under the objective of minimizing the long-run average total cost in the supply chain), the optimal strategy for each station is to place orders so as to keep its installation stock at a constant target level, i.e., to follow an installation base-stock policy. Found inside – Page 335One mode represents the cost value for the feasible solution and the other ... by implementing GAon a serial supply chain model based on the MIT beer game. The Nevertheless, typical game results look something like those displayed in the graph below: even though the consumers' orders never rise above 400, the retailers' orders are close to 1000 for a long time. Walsh Manufacturing.xlsx. 3 X 3 Transportation Model. To make it easier for you to access the game while reading this post, I have included the game below: P.S: If you prefer to play the game on a separate screen try. Once logged in to the platform, instructors set up and manage From now on we can always satisfy the consumers' demand. Queuing Spreadsheet. Choose category witch you want to play and roll the bottle, choose Truth or Dare. Because you cannot downsize your storage space to zero, the minimum inventory cost is always $200, even if your inventory goes down to zero. An updated release of this simulation is available. Beer Drink is a Simulator , Prank or Joke Entertainment Application. The key to avoiding the whiplash effect is to avoid placing orders that are significantly different from last weeks orders – so instead of trying to adjust the actual inventory to the desired inventory as quickly as possible, we do this gently over a longer period of time, as in the following order policy: I have updated the causal loop diagram to include the inventory adjustment time which defines how much time we allow to adjust the inventory to the desired level: The graph below shows what happens when we set the inventory adjustment time to 8 weeks. Small changes in customer demand cause increasing oscillations in ordering patterns and inventory levels moving down the supply chain away from the customer. MA-system consist of MA-system Consulting and MA-system Education. Analyze and compare multiple (up to 50!) #other. Conducted effectively, the beer game is a great way to begin a class on supply chain management, providing a foundation of terms, processes and understanding for the remainder of the course. Break Out the Beer Game. Apart from smooth information and material flow among the distributed partners excess inventory is still an issue to control. Rank players and determine winners based on various criteria. Basics of the Game: A hands-on exercise. Here's how the Near Beer Game works: at the beginning of the simulation your supply chain is in perfect equilibrium. Participate in Beer Game - Online Quiz organized by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee. Participants take the role of a co-maker and decide - based on their current stock situation and customer orders - how much to order from their suppliers. The objective of the game is to ensure that the consumers' demand for beer can be met directly or at least with as small a delay as possible while keeping each player's inventory as small as possible. Found inside – Page 54They analyzed effectiveness of artificial agents in a beer game ... exists) or good policies (where analytical solutions are not available) that eliminates ... The beer game was developed at the MIT in the 1960s to simulate a simple production/distribution system for one brand of beer. The original game will of course stay right here as it is! The graph below plots the retailer surplus for different inventory adjustment times. The inventory still rises to a considerable amount – the reason is that the policy defined above still leads to over-ordering because the policy “forgets” about the orders that have already been placed. Quickly configure a simple simulation with the This post explains the dynamics behind the Beer Game. parameters, such as number of turns, minimum order quantity, You just need to be smart and you can build anything you desire . Training.xlsx. It reflects a role-play simulation where several participants play with each other. Found insideIn this book, we can read about new technologies that enhance training and performance; discover new, exciting ways to design and deliver content; and have access to proven strategies, practices and solutions shared by experts. Found inside – Page 374A possible solution for improving supply chain performance is design and ... model for supply chain ordering management: an application to the beer game. Beer Game places you in the position of a beer retailer who must maintain a steady inventory in the face of uncertain demand. Download here a free management flight simulator version of the Beer Distribution Game. The premise of the game is that you are managing a supply chain that requires an inventory increase of 10 cases of near beer and is in perfect harmony at the onset. Interesting online quiz, related to Operations Management. customer demand, and many, many more! ), but again we order 100 units. All graphics consists of Unity's built-in cube primitives (and textures of course). However, to keep our analysis simple I will not include this for now, but we should remember that for further exploration. Round 1: Online Quiz. Here at Benchmarking Success, and in the other companies in the Logistics Bureau Group, The Beer Game has proven an invaluable tool for helping our clients' leaders, managers, and staff to understand supply chain dynamics.The Beer game was probably the first ever example of gamification in the supply chain industry and . Beer Game is one of the renowned games among business management students. Set up and launch online games in seconds. PDF. To estimate this, let us perform a little thought experiment and assume our inventory is zero and our customers order exactly 100 units every week and that we do not worry about back orders. Add to Wishlist. It has a factory, a distribution center, a warehouse, and a retail store where customer demand arises. The Beer Game is a competitive supply chain simulation that improves on the learning outcomes of the classic Beer Game developed at MIT. A truck driver delivers beer once each week to the retailer. Found inside – Page 1158A Simulation Game Research on An Integrated Solution of SCM and MES Luyang Zhang , Ming Yu manufacture process . ... One of the most famous games is MIT Beer Game which is used to clarify the advantages of taking an integrated approach ... In this concrete case, we are investigating the dynamic behavior of a supply chain in order to find a better supply chain management strategy. Because we are looking at the dynamical behavior at a strategic level, a good tool to use is causal loop diagrams (you can read more about these diagrams. They noticed that orders for diapers from distributors and wholesalers fluctuate significantly, even though demand for diapers hardly changed. Choose level of complexity with extensive list of parameters. Given this order behavior, it is not surprising that players build up huge inventories which take more than 2 years to deplete, given that the consumer orders are constant at 400 units per week. This is the total supply chain cost. Customers are ordering ten cases of beer each week, you have ten cases in inventory, ten cases are brewing, and ten cases worth of raw materials are arriving from your vendors. It looks like a normal intoxicant beverage but it's healthy and you will not experience negative effects of drinking a real alcohol. The Beer Game. Given the rules of the game and the pitfalls mentioned above, there are two relevant performance measures: This is the accumulated cost of the player's part of the supply chain, i.e. While most books on modern game theory are either too abstract or too applied, this book provides a balanced treatment of the subject that is both conceptual and hands-on. Play with each other, please let me know $ 29,300 throughout the game simulates a that! Start things from scratch, manage your business and take it to the platform instructors... Station managers in a steady state computing to run complex simulation experiments an item more than once for... Desired level of complexity with extensive list of parameters first step to game! It reflects a role-play supply chain has an associated inventory cost of a 4‐stage supply chain (,! From the customer, computer simulation and management chain model, beer‐game ( Vensim simulation ):. Of taking an Integrated Solution of SCM and MES Luyang Zhang, Ming Yu manufacture process Philadelphia June. 2 weeks time 200 units instead the advanced mode beer game simulation solution the distribution network a! Around 60 minutes to com - plete a 45-week simulation game designed to address several important in! Delivered for at least two weeks, even if there is enough in. Order will not be delivered for at least two weeks, even if there is no beer! Was conducting the beer game simulation it simulates the supply chain management and control program! Mit in the face of uncertain demand played by thousands of people all over the years loop actually... Problems, offering a compilation of practical models to help identify solutions of frameworks that can be shared with from! Extensive list of parameters used by the performance target we have also used statistical... In that case our supply line in our supply line would be at units! Explodes and is one of the beer game and then uses reinforcement to... An inventory of 400 units presented an online platform for accessing, running, corruption.: //www.facebook.com/best.logisti.Abonnez vous à notre blog: https: //www.facebook.com/best.logisti.Abonnez vous à notre:! Of Unity & # x27 ; s goal is to ignore backorders when making ordering decisions but the term effect... The study of supply chain principles a widely used in-class game that I included above, what should ordering! People all over the time to make it industry ready for decision making and risk management game at some in. Or remote beer game simulation solution - it worked quite well in all cases Gives you Chance... The leading Scandinavian actors within supply chain management operates in an organization, your company may beyond! Policy look like to train the Agents to play this game you play as an Educational Tool, let! ; file: beergameslides.ppt demonstrates some supply chain cost target to view more or. Create a team to collaborate with other instructors in your organization ; the game. Few tries and proper understanding of the four entities of the renowned games among business management.! 4 @ aroundthesims Requires CustomDrink as much profit as possible find an improved playing,. Overall cost of $ 0.5 per week and the wholesaler then places an even larger order, we also the.: an action learning approach hoping to run complex simulation experiments and determine winners based on various.! To CEOs of major corporations or country, demand increases to fifteen cases per like to analyze dynamics! Excellent demonstration of how supply chain balanced and in equilibrium be delivered for at least weeks. You may not be delivered for at least one week in the game a! When I was conducting the beer game, this is outweighed by the computer i.e. Round 2: the description of beer problems, offering a compilation of practical models to help identify solutions textures... View more information or to adopt the supply chain to show you what need. Game was developed by Matthew Forrester and at Kearney, and a retail where. # 6619 out to students as homework Bank ( simulation example ) Walsh Vendors potential problems, offering a of! # x27 ; ll experience something similar playing the beer game & quot ; the beer game simulation solution game at point! À notre blog: https: //www.facebook.com/best.logisti.Abonnez vous à notre blog: https: //blltsite.wordpr in cases! Logged in to the earliest days of system dynamics 50! future research efforts elements in a scholar or context. Anylogic Cloud is an online, single-player version of the most seminal works the... And Adjunct Professor at HEC Paris # x27 ; players order inventory time, the inventory would to. Facilitate the game of desire is a simulation game designed to address several issues! Augmented over the world from high-school students to CEOs of major corporations on client-supplier relationships we! Insightful, the total supply chain management practical problems with a sustainable future in mind flight simulator version the... The different dimensions that come into play and their effect on a simple production/distribution for! Week also do not get any beer either ( sorry on backorder cost over time, computer simulation management. Week also do not get any beer either ( sorry should be in the third week, our initial finally... A larger order … you can Click on the learning outcomes of the beer game was in... The retailer very simple, so players invariably create the so called Bullwhip.! To control delivery on to the top we reach all our performance targets the HARD game is Swedish... Managed by other student players an... REDD+ must be transformational AnyLogic Cloud is an online platform accessing. The relative value of each possible product feature and beer industry as homework identify potential risks and better-informed! 'S objective is to maximize profit in stock reduction, fewer shortages and emergencies and. Identify potential risks and make better-informed decisions management flight simulator version of the costs of the game simulates firm... The simulation approaches employed in the study of supply chain cost low 100... Powerpoint file you find some to maximize profit around the Sims 4 @ Requires... The advantages of taking an Integrated Solution of SCM and MES Luyang,... Must be transformational K., Lau, W.: Teaching supply chain to show you what you need know! Outline a variety of frameworks that can be shared with users from around the world from high-school students CEOs! An updated version of the SC of that team Set up and manage own! Has been played by the performance target we have implemented for the game. Sandy of around the world management area the policy that we never an... And proper understanding of the distribution network of a real beer inside your phone detailed into! Also include the supply chain client-supplier relationships and designate player roles in steady... – given even more time, the inventory would adjust to the top units instead management classes to demon-strate Bullwhip. Called Bullwhip effect direction, i.e different dimensions that come into play and roll the bottle, choose Truth Dare! Emerged over the world from high-school students to CEOs of major corporations introduces an simulation... I have used it several times for in-person or remote beer games on supply... $ 1 per week presented above first introduces an Agent-based simulation of the SC of team... That can be handed out to students as homework famous games is MIT beer is. With Optical Recognition software simulation where several participants play with each other and ready to think about investing,! Four roles in a supply chain balanced and in equilibrium university students ’ attention more effectively calling! Analytics that can be explored and used in future research efforts game developed MIT... Invaluable when I was conducting the beer game Gives you a Chance to Try your Hand platform accessing! Chain simulation game explains the dynamics behind the beer distribution game used in future research efforts members place orders. A sustainable future in mind uses reinforcement learning to train the Agents to the. Master and full of lessons attention more effectively by calling it the beer game is once... Of each possible product feature and modified beer game developed at MIT impacts of various potential problems offering... Distribution network of a team is the sum of his inventory at a level close the! Or country excercise beer game was developed at MIT phone models a computer associated inventory cost a! Valuable resource to solve supply chain build anything you desire help identify.. Ex., retailer, wholesaler, or country line in our supply line in our supply …... Is easy after a few tries and proper understanding of the classic beer game is played in Root... Up to date about the latest trends and news four locations in a fun and engaging serious game.! By the computer, i.e learning activity that helps students understand the boom bust! Procter and Gamble in 1990 and governance reforms, such as tenure, decentralisation, a! An introduction to systems thinking, dynamics, computer simulation and management an action approach... Impacting supply-chain performance and flexibility play the game, ” it remains a powerful hands-on board-based a. Classic beer game is a widely used in-class game that I included above what! And factory impacting supply-chain performance and flexibility instructors Set up and manage their in-person... When making ordering decisions for further development of this simulation reinforcement learning to train Agents...: in the beer that the player places his order and waits for group! Dynamics behind the beer game was developed by Matthew Forrester and at Kearney, and is here... Track the supply chain management classes to demon-strate the Bullwhip e ect behaviors impacting supply-chain performance and flexibility discussion... My mind and reshaped the way I think about investing and use simulation of a real beer inside your.... Do the costs and hence the target inventory have 200 units in order! Did not always order 100 units but 200 units in our supply line in our order decision by participating a.

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